Illustrate the five value dimensions.

Illustrate the five value dimensions.
【正确答案】：The five dimensions are based on four very fundamental issues in human societies to which every society has to find its particular answers. They include 1) individualism-collectivism; 2) large-small power distance; 3) strong-weak uncertainty avoidance; 4) masculinity-femininity; 5) the long-term vs. short-term orientation.
The first dimension is basically concerned with people's self-concept, as well as the different degrees of interconnection between individuals and the society.
The second dimension concerns the issue of social inequality. A culture of large power distance tends to regard inequality as a fact of life. In contrast, people in a small-power-distance culture strive for power equalization and demand justification if there is power inequality.
The third dimension, uncertainty avoidance, refers to the extent to which people in a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity.
The fourth value dimension is related to the way in which a society assigns social roles to the sexes. Generally speaking, masculine societies value achievement, heroism, assertiveness and material success. Feminine societies however emphasize relationships, modesty, caring for the weak and the quality of life.
The fifth value dimension is also known as Confucian dynamism because it is related to Confucianism. According to this dimension, cultural groups with the long-term orientation attach greater value to persistence, social status and social order, thrift, and a strong sense of shame. Those with the short-term orientation, on the other hand, are more concerned with such values as personal stability, face, and tradition.