Passage 4 Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

Passage 4 Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. When the American Association of University Professors （AAUP） was organized in 1915, its founders proclaimed an ideal of academic freedom as essential to the definition of a university. At first some academic administrators resisted aspects of the due process in hiring and firing that the AAUP insisted; but within the next two decades academic freedom, more or less as the AAUP had defined it, was widely accepted. By 1940 when an important restatement of the AAUP principles was widely adopted, the ideal had become a standard assumption in American academic thought. Certainly by the end of the era of the early 1950s academic freedom had attained sacred status among professors and was spoken of as though it were an ancient absolute associated with universities since the ancient time. The direct inspiration for the modem American conception of academic freedom came, however, from Germany, or at least from the romanticized （理想化的）impressions of Germany that the many thousands of American academics who studied there brought back with them. Particularly important for the American organizers of the academic profession after 1890 was the German Lehrfreiheit （教学自由），referring to freedom for university professors. In Germany this freedom included, first, the rights for professors to teach whatever they chose with a minimum of administrative regulations and, second, the freedom to conduct one5s research and to report one5s findings in lectures and publications without external restraint. The Americans typically understood Lehrfreiheit as the modem ideal that truth is progressive and that for science to advance it must be freed from tradition and assumption. In 19th century Germany this outlook was associated with the term Wissenschaft （科学）, which meant more than just title English word “science，” suggesting an ideal scientific research for truth. German Protestant universities only gradually won full approval of such autonomy, including freedom from occasional Christian church interference. Nonetheless, they were always far in advance of American schools and by the time of the establishment of the German Empire Lehrfreiheit had become a legal practice protected by law. It controlled the universities and protected them from direct interference of other interests. In a society far more conscious of status than the United States，Lehrfreiheit did not suggest any general commitment to freedom for all citizens. Once the wider applications of modern Lehrfreiheit were accepted, they were proclaimed as essential to any institution calling itself a “university.”Which of the following is included in the German Lehrfreiheit?
A、The administrative regulations and external restraints.
B、The rights to teach and freedom to research.
C、The full approval of autonomy.
D、The academic profession.
【正确答案】：B
【题目解析】：题目问的是下列哪项包括在德国的教学自由中。根据第三段中的In Germany this freedom included, first, the rights for professors to teach whatever they chose with a minimum of administrative regulations and, second, the freedom to conduct one‘s research and to report one’s findings in lectures and publications without external restraint.可知，在德国，这种自由首先包括教授有权去教他们选择的内容，极少受到行政管理的约束；其次，包括不受外部制约来做研究的权力和在课堂上以及出版物中汇报研究发现的权力。因此选择B. The rights to teach and freedom to research.（教书权和做研究的自由。）