46. When smoking amongst women was not as widespread as it is now. women were considered to be almost free from cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer. Unhappily, the situation has changed, and smoking kills over half a million women each year in the industrialized world. But it is also an increasingly important cause of ill health amongst women in developing countries
47. A recent World Health Organization(WHO) consultation on the statistical aspects of tobacco-related mortality concluded that the toll that can be attributed to smoking throughout the world is 2.7 million deaths per year. It also predicted that, if current patterns of cigarette smoking continue unchanged, the global death toll from tobacco by the year 2025 may increase to eight million deaths per year. A large proportion of these will be amongst women..
48. Despite these alarming statistics, the scale of the threat that smoking poses to women's health has received surprisingly little attention. Smoking is still seen by many as a mainly male problem, perhaps because men were the first to take up the habit and therefore the first to suffer the ill effects. This is no longer the case. Women who smoke like men will die like men. WHO estimates that in industrialized countries, smoking rates amongst men and women are very similar,at around 30 per cent; in a large number of developed countries, smoking is now more common among teenage giris than boys.
As women took up smoking later than men, the full impact of smoking on their health has yet to be seen. But it is clear from countries where women smoked longest, such as the United Kingdom and the United States, that smoking causes the same diseases in women as in men and the gap between their death rates is narrowing. 49. On current trends, some 20 to 25 per cent of women who smoke will die from their habit. One in three of these deaths will be among women under 65 years of age. The US Surgeon General has estimated that, amongst these women, smoking is responsible for around 40 per cent heart disease deaths, 55 per cent of lethal strokes and, among women of all ages, 80 per cent of lung cancer deaths and 30 per cent of all cancer deaths. Over the last 20 years, death rates in women from lung cancer have more than doubled in Japan, Norway, Poland, Sweden and the United Kingdom; have increased by more than 200 per cent in Australia, Demark and New Zealand; and have increased by more than 300 per cent in Canada and the United States.
There are dramatically increasing trends in respiratory cancer among women in developed countries, and the casual relationship of smoking, rather than air pollution and other factors, to lung cancer is very clear. 50. In the United States,for instance, the mortality rate for lung cancer among female non-smokers has not changed during the past 20 years. During the same period, the rate among female smokers has increased by a factor of half. In South-East Asia, more than 85 per cent of oral cancer cases in women are caused by tobacco habits
Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. Write the Chinese version on your Answer Sheet.
【正确答案】：46.在女性吸烟不像现在这样普遍的时候,人们认为女性几乎不会患心血管疾病和肺癌。不幸的是,这种情况已经发生改变。在工业化国家吸烟每年会夺去五十多万女性的生命。
47.世界卫生组织最近召开会议,对因烟草而导致的死亡人数进行统计,结论是每年全世界因吸烟导致死亡的人数为270万。
48.尽管这些统计数据使人惊恐,但令人吃惊的是,吸烟对女性健康造成威胁的严重程度并未引起人们的注意。很多人仍然认为吸烟主要是男性的问题,这可能是因为男性是最先染上吸烟习惯的,所以他们也是最先的受害者。
49.依照当前的趋势,大约百分之二十至百分之二十五的女性会死于吸烟恶习。死亡人数的三分之一将是65岁以下的女性。
50.例如,在美国,在过去的20年中非吸烟的女性中肺癌的死亡率并未发生变化。而同期该比率在吸烟女性中增加了一半。