Examine the following arguments. First identify the premises and conclusions in each of them and then discuss in pairs whether the premises are strong enough. If not, how would you improve them?
The evils of the world are due to moral defects quite as much as to lack of intelligence. But the human race has not hitherto discovered any method of eradicating moral defects… Intelligence, on the contrary, is easily improved by methods known to every competent educator. Therefore, until some method of teaching virtue has been discovered, progress will have to be sought by improvement of intelligence rather than of morals.(This short argument is by Bertrand Russell)
【正确答案】:Premise 1: The evils of the world are due to moral defects quite as much as to lack of intelligence.
Premise 2: But the human race has not hitherto discovered any method of eradicating moral defects…
Premise 3: Intelligence, on the contrary, is easily improved by methods known to every competent educator.
Conclusion: Until some method of teaching virtue has been discovered, progress will have to be sought by improvement of intelligence rather than of morals.
Examine the following arguments. First identify the premises and
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