Examine the following arguments and identify the refutations.Wha

Examine the following arguments and identify the refutations.
What is the claim in the essay? On what basis do Charlton and Andras argue to support the claim? How many arguments can you find in the article to support the claim?
【正确答案】：Claim: Modernization is desirable.
The authors support the claim by comparing people’s realistic choices between traditional and modernizing societies over the centuries.
Argument 1: The massive migration of able-bodied peasant populations away from the land and into the cities shows the overall superiority of life in modernizing societies compared with traditional ones.
Argument 2: Though modernization has brought changes that sometimes have made things worse for some people for certain periods of time, there exist in history certain phases of “modernization” that have been regarded as “golden ages”.
Argument 3: Between societies, there is a migration toward the most modernized societies. Modernizing societies are not only more prosperous, but usually more peaceful and less coercive than traditional societies dominated by soldiers and priests.
Argument 4: Though hunter-gatherers require coercion or persuasion to join the modern world, hunting and gathering is not a viable way of supporting the world’s population. In sum, the superiority of modern societies over traditional societies seems to be decisive.