Examine the following arguments and identify the refutations.Can

Examine the following arguments and identify the refutations.
Can you identify places where Charlton and Andras take into consideration possible opposing views? How do they refute them? Do you accept their refutations?
【正确答案】：1. The authors use the mass migration of the peasants to show the superiority of modern societies over traditional societies. At the same time, they also anticipate possible opposing view by pointing out that the privileged ruling groups are generally opposed to modernization because the traditional ruling class have extremely high status and relatively high resources and the social stability means that they have the ability to transmit these advantages to their children. However, this cannot be used to show the inferiority of modern societies since life in traditional societies is shorter and less healthy than in a modernizing society.
2. While admitting the fact that modernizing societies have brought about changes that have made things worse for most people for considerable periods of time, they argue that though modernization has its ups and downs, its economic and other social system cycles, its better and worse times, it is still more desirable.
3. It is true that hunter-gatherers require coercion or persuasion to join the modern world, which might suggest that hunting and gathering is more humanly satisfying than modern life. But since it is not a viable way of supporting the world’s population, the superiority of modern societies over traditional societies seems to be decisive.