Among approaches and methods in foreign language teaching, what

Among approaches and methods in foreign language teaching, what is the Direct Method?
【正确答案】：The Direct Method emerged in the late nineteenth century and enjoyed popularity in Europe up to the 1920s. The basic premise of the Direct Method is that foreign language learning should be more like first language learning. Its advocates believe that a foreign language could be taught without translation or the use of the learners’ native language if meaning is conveyed directly through demonstration and action.
The main characteristics of the Direct Method can be summarized as follows:
1) Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught;
2) Grammar is taught inductively, by situation and through visual presentation;
3) Classroom instruction is conducted exclusively in the target language;
4) Concrete vocabulary is taught through demonstration, objects, pictures and abstract vocabulary is taught through association of ideas;
5) Both speech and listening comprehension are taught and extensive listening and imitation practice should be done until forms become automatic;
6) Oral communication skills are built up in a carefully graded progression organized around question-and-answer exchanges between teachers and students in small intensive classes;
7) Correct pronunciation is emphasized with the first few weeks devoted to pronunciation;
8) All reading matter is first presented orally.