declarations

declarations
【正确答案】：Declarations are one of the five general types of things we do with language. They have the characteristic that the successful performance of an act of this type brings about the correspondence between what is said and reality, e. g. I now declare the meeting open. (P119)
【解析】舍尔的贡献之一在于他对言外行为的分类,根据舍尔的理论,我们运用语言所做的事情有5种基本类型,其中宣告类的特点在于此类行为的顺利实施使得客观现实与所表达的命题内容相一致。